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The Fox, the Wolf and the Husbandman
The Fox, the Wolf and the Husbandman is a poem by the 15th-century Scottish poet Robert Henryson and part of his collection of moral fables known as the ''Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian''. It is written in Middle Scots. As with the other tales in the collection, appended to it is a ''moralitas'' which elaborates on the moral that the fable is supposed to contain. However, the appropriateness of the moralitas for the tale itself has been questioned.
The tale combines two motifs. Firstly, a husbandman tilling the fields with his new oxen makes a rash oath aloud to give them to the wolf; when the wolf overhears this, he attempts to make sure that the man fulfills his promise. The fox mediates a solution by speaking to them individually; eventually he fools the wolf into following him to claim his supposed reward for dropping the case, and tricks him into a draw-well. The moralitas connects the wolf to the wicked man, the fox to the devil, and the husbandman to the godly man. A probable source for the tale is Petrus Alfonsi's ''Disciplina Clericalis'', containing the same motifs, and William Caxton's ''Aesop's Fables''—though the tale is a beast fable, not Aesopic.
==Source==
A probable source of the tale is Petrus Alfonsi's ''Disciplina clericalis'', which has the same three motifs: the rash promise of the husbandman; the wolf mistaking the moon for cheese; and the wolf that descends into the well via a bucket, thereby trapping himself and freeing the fox.〔Farber 2000, p. 89.〕 However, the discussion of legality and the questioning of language that take place alongside these motifs are entirely Henryson's invention. Whereas the moral of Alfonsi's tale explains that the wolf lost both the oxen and the cheese because he "relinquished what was present for what was to come" (Latin: ''pro futuro quod presens erat dimisit''), Henryson's moralitas more fully involves the husbandman.〔Farber 2000, p. 90.〕
Another source may be ''Aesop's Fables'' as published by William Caxton—scholar John MacQueen considers this more likely than ''Disciplina clericalis''—although the tale itself is not Aesopic but rather of the beast fable (also beast-epic) genre.〔MacQueen 2006, p. 175.〕 The plots of such works are more complicated than their Aesopic counterpart, tend more towards ribaldry, and feature the fox making a victim of the wolf.〔MacQueen 2006, p. 176.〕
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